反应机理
四氧化锇对烯烃进行[3+2]环加成,生成五元环锇酸酯中间体,然后水解得到相应的顺式邻二醇。水解后的锇酸被助氧化剂NMO氧化得到四氧化锇,实现催化循环。因此反应通常在含水体系中进行。水解步骤该催化循环的限速步骤。
【https://cheminfographic.wordpress.com/2018/04/16/95-upjohn-dihydroxylation-1976/】
【Org. Biomol. Chem., 2003,1, 2173-2186】
(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-Azidotetrahydro-2-methoxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-3,4-diol (16a). To a 2-methyl-2-propanol/acetone (22.8 mL, 1:1 (v/ v)) solution of allylic azide 15a (1.92 g, 11.4 mmol) at 0 °C was added a solution of N-methylmorpholine N-oxide/water (50% w/v, 11.4 mL). Crystalline OsO4 (29 mg, 1 mol %) was added, and the reaction was allowed to stir for 18 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with 50 mL of saturated Na2S2O3 solution, extracted with EtOAc (3 × 200 mL), dried (Na2SO4), concentrated under reduced pressure, and then purified using silica gel flash chromatography eluting with 50% EtOAc/hexane to afford diol 16a (2.13 g, 10.9 mmol, 96%)
【J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 5211–5220】
【Tetrahedron, 2008, 64, 304-313】
【Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 6806-6808 】
参考资料
二、ReactionFlash:Upjohn dihydroxylation